Konseptualisasi Ecological Citizenship Berbasis Sila Pertama Pancasila dalam Hukum Tata Lingkungan Indonesia

Abstract

Degradasi lingkungan dan kedaruratan krisis sampah domestik di Indonesia merefleksikan kegagalan hukum tata lingkungan yang didominasi oleh paradigma antroposentrisme-sekuler. Penegakan hukum yang berorientasi hulu ke hilir (end-of-pipe approach) terbukti mandul karena memisahkan status kewarganegaraan dari kewajiban menjaga alam. Di sisi lain, Indonesia memiliki modalitas filosofis tertinggi (Staatsfundamentalnorm), yaitu Sila Pertama Pancasila, yang memuat dimensi ekoteologi universal namun kerap diredusir sebatas instrumen sosiopolitik keagamaan formal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekonstruksi bias antroposentrisme hukum modern melalui pembentukan konsep Ecological Citizenship (Kewarganegaraan Ekologis) berbasis Sila Pertama Pancasila serta merumuskan model aktualisasi normatifnya dalam hukum tata lingkungan nasional.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif (doktriner) dengan menggunakan pendekatan filosofis (philosophical approach), pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach), dan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach). Analisis bahan hukum dilakukan secara kualitatif melalui penalaran deduktif-silogisme dan hermeneutika hukum.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, secara ontologis, epistemologis, dan aksiologis, Sila Pertama Pancasila merupakan akar filosofis Pancasila based Eco-Citizenship yang menetapkan bahwa menjaga alam adalah mandat profetik dan kewajiban kodrati-transendental, di mana pengrusakan lingkungan diklasifikasikan sebagai "dosa ekologis" (ecological sin). Kedua, aktualisasi konsep ini dilakukan melalui redefinisi hak dan kewajiban konstitusional (constitutional duties) secara simetris dalam konstitusi hijau (green constitution), mengonversi pemilahan sampah di hulu menjadi norma hukum memaksa (imperative norms) pada legislasi nasional pasca UU Cipta Kerja, serta mengoperasionalisasikannya di tingkat daerah melalui Perda berbasis mekanisme sanksi ketidaklayakan sipil (civil disqualification) dan insentif fiskal.

Kata Kunci: Ecological Citizenship, Ekoteologi, Hukum Tata Lingkungan, Sila Pertama Pancasila.

ABSTRACT

Environmental degradation and the domestic waste crisis emergency in Indonesia reflect the failure of environmental law, which is dominated by a secular-anthropocentric paradigm. The end-of-pipe law enforcement approach has proven ineffective because it detaches the status of citizenship from the obligation to preserve nature. On the other hand, Indonesia possesses its highest philosophical modality (Staatsfundamentalnorm), namely the First Principle of Pancasila, which embodies universal eco-theological dimensions but is frequently reduced to a mere sociopolitical instrument of formal religion. This study aims to deconstruct the anthropocentric bias of modern law by conceptualizing a Pancasila-based Ecological Citizenship derived from the First Principle and formulating its normative actualization models within the national environmental law system.

This study is a normative (doctrinal) legal research employing a philosophical approach, a conceptual approach, and a statute approach. Legal materials were analyzed qualitatively through deductive-syllogism reasoning and legal hermeneutics.

The results indicate that: First, ontologically, epistemologically, and axiologically, the First Principle of Pancasila serves as the philosophical root for a Pancasila based Eco-Citizenship, establishing that preserving nature is a prophetic mandate and a natural-transcendental duty, thereby classifying environmental destruction as an "ecological sin." Second, the actualization of this concept is achieved through a symmetrical redefinition of constitutional rights and constitutional duties within a green constitution, converting upstream waste segregation into imperative norms in national legislation post Job Creation Law, and operationalizing it at the regional level via local regulations utilizing civil disqualification mechanisms alongside fiscal incentives.

Keywords: Ecological Citizenship, Environmental Law, Eco-Theology, First Principle of Pancasila.